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Academic Journal
VARIOUS
| Title: | Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: a sham-controlled study | | Date: | December 15, 2009 | | Author(s): | Biswa R. Mishra, S. Haque Nizamie, Basudeb Das & Samir K. Praharaj | | Source: | Center for Cognitive Neurosciences and Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India | | Keywords: |
Alcoholism, craving, dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), efficacy, sham control, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
| | Abstract: |
Objective To study the anticraving efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
of the right dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with alcohol dependence. Methods We performed a
prospective, single-blind, sham-controlled study involving 45 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (according
to ICD-10 DCR), with Clinical Institute of Withdrawal Assessment in Alcohol Withdrawal (CIWA-Ar) scores <= 10.
Patients were allocated to active and sham rTMS in a 2 : 1 ratio, such that 30 patients received active and 15 patients
sham rTMS to the right DLPFC (10 Hz frequency, 4.9 seconds per train, inter-train interval of 30 seconds, 20 trains per
session, total 10 sessions). The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (ACQ-NOW) was administered to measure the severity
of alcohol craving at baseline, after the last rTMS session and after 1 month of the last rTMS session. Results Twoway
repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant reduction in the post-rTMS ACQ-NOW
total score and factor scores in the group allocated active rTMS compared to the sham stimulation. The effect size
for treatment with time interaction was moderate (h2 = 0.401). Conclusions Right dorsolateral pre-frontal highfrequency
rTMS was found to have significant anticraving effects in alcohol dependence. The results highlight the
potential of rTMS which, combined with other anticraving drugs, can act as an effective strategy in reducing craving
and subsequent relapse in alcohol dependence.
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| | Title: | Modulation of learning and hippocampal, neuronal plasticity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). | | Author(s): | Ahmed Z, Wieraszko A. | | Source: | Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 May;27(4):288-94. | | Abstract: | The influence of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on learning process in mice and on neuronal excitability of the hippocampal tissue obtained from stimulated animals were investigated. While the stimulation with rTMS at higher frequency (15 Hz) improved animals' performance in novel object recognition test (NOR), lower frequency (1 and 8 Hz) impaired the memory. The effect was observed when evaluated immediately after rTMS exposure and declined with time. In parallel to the results of behavioral test, there was a significant enhancement of the synaptic efficiency expressed as of the long-term potentiation (LTP) recorded from hippocampal slices prepared from the animals exposed to 15 Hz rTMS. The stimulation with 1 and 8 Hz had no influence on the magnitude of LTP. Our results demonstrate that rTMS modifies mechanisms involved in memory formation. The effects of rTMS in vivo are preserved and expressed in the hippocampus tested in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 27:288-294, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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| | Title: | Cortical Excitability of Psychiatric Disorders | | Date: | 2002 | | Author(s): | Reid’s | | Source: | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 36:669–673 | | Keywords: | Psychiatric Disorders | | Abstract: |
In normal subjects, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the motor cortex are increased after non-fatiguing exercise of hand muscles. This phenomenon is called post-exercise facilitation. This study aims to test the hypothesis that psychiatric syndromes (major depressive episode, schizophrenia) have different levels of post-exercise facilitation compared to controls.
Methods: Patients with DSM-IV major depressive episode (six female, four male), schizophrenia (two female, nine male) and a control group (nine female, four male) participated. MEPs were elicited pre- and post-exercise from the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis by TMS over the primary motor cortex.
Results: Post-exercise facilitation expressed as a percentage of baseline was 510% in controls, 110% in depression and 190% in schizophrenia. There were significant differences in patients with depression and schizophrenia compared to controls (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0008).
Conclusions: Post-exercise facilitation was reduced in depression and schizophrenia, suggesting impaired cortical excitability in these disorders. Further studies may discriminate between the two groups.
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